Glossary

1. A2DP

This profile defines how high quality audio (stereo or mono) can be streamed from one device to another over a Bluetooth connection.[1] For example, music streamed from a mobile phone to a wireless headset. A2DP was initially used in conjunction with an intermediate Bluetooth transceiver that connects to a standard output audio jack, encodes the incoming audio to a Bluetooth-friendly format, and sends the signal wirelessly to Bluetooth headphones that decode and play the audio. However, many Bluetooth 1.1, 1.2 mobile phones and portable media players do not natively support A2DP, while some newer Bluetooth 2.0 headphones do support it. Bluetooth headphones, especially the more advanced models, often come with a microphone and support for the Headset (HSP), Hands-Free (HFP) and Audio/Video Remote Control (AVRCP) profiles. A2DP is designed to transfer a uni-directional 2-channel stereo audio stream, like music from an MP3 player, to a headset or car radio.[2] This profile relies on AVDTP and GAVDP. It includes mandatory support for the low complexity SBC codec and supports optionally: MPEG-1(usually includes MP3), MPEG-2, MPEG-4, AAC, and ATRAC, and is extensible to support manufacturer-defined codecs. Most bluetooth stacks implement the SCMS-T digital rights management (DRM) scheme. In these cases it is possible to connect the A2DP headphones for high quality audio.

2. Active Slave Broadcast (ASB)

The ASB logical transport is used to transport L2CAP user traffic to all active devices in the piconet.

3. Ad Hoc Network

A network typically created in a spontaneous manner. An ad hoc network requires no formal infrastructure and is limited in temporal and spatial extent.

4. Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)

AVRCP is designed to provide a standard interface to control TVs, Hi-fi equipment, etc. This profile is used to allow a single remote control (or other device) to control all the A/V equipment that a user has access to. AVRCP defines how to control characteristics of streaming media. This includes pausing, stopping, and starting playback and volume control as well as other types of remote control operations.

5. Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)

BIP defines how an imaging device can be remotely controlled, how an imaging device may print, as well as how an imaging device can transfer images to a storage device. A typical scenario involves a mobile phone being used to control the shutter operation of a digital camera.

6. Basic Printing Profile (BPP)

BPP allows devices to send text, e-mails, vCards, images or other items to printers based on print jobs. It differs from HCRP in that it needs no printer-specific drivers. This makes it more suitable for embedded devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras, which cannot easily be updated with drivers dependent upon printer vendors.

7. BD_ADDR

The Bluetooth device address, BD_ADDR, is used to identify a Bluetooth enabled device.

8. Beacon Train

A pattern of reserved slots within a basic or adapted piconet physical channel. Transmissions starting in these slots are used to resynchronize parked devices.

9. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology used to create Personal Area Networks (PANs) among your devices, and with other nearby devices.Bluetooth allows you to leave your phone in your pocket, while talking on your phone with a Bluetooth headset - with no wires. You can also exchange contact or scheduling information with other Bluetooth-enabled phones nearby, or send such information to a nearby Bluetooth-enabled printer.

Another common use is to give your laptop computer or PDA wireless high-speed Internet access via Bluetooth and your phone. Many newer automobiles also have Bluetooth, which can interface with a phone in a pocket, to allow automatic hands-free phone capability. More innovative uses include playing a game against someone with a similar phone nearby, or using a special Bluetooth pen to send SMS messages by simply writing them on paper.

Bluetooth functionality is divided into separate types of connections known as "profiles". Each of the various scenarios outlined above involve a different profile. Not all Bluetooth devices support all profiles.

For example, most phones support the Headset (HSP) and Handsfree (HFP) profiles, for connecting the phones to headsets and car kits, respectively. But not all phones support the Object Exchange (OBEX) profiles, which let you transfer files (like photos) (FTP) and/or information (like contacts and events) (OPP) to and from other devices. Another profile supported by only some phones is Dial-Up Networking (DUN), which lets you connect a laptop or PDA to the Internet via the phone. Other optional profiles support connecting to printers (BPP), keyboards (HID), and stereo headphones (A2DP, AVRC).

Most Bluetooth phones are "class 2", which means the Bluetooth feature has a range of up to 30 feet. Class 1 phones (which are rare) can have a range of up to 300 feet.

Bluetooth is named for the 10th century Viking king Harald Bluetooth, who united Norway and Denmark.

10. Bluetooth Baseband

The part of the Bluetooth system that specifies or implements the medium access and physical layer procedures to support the exchange of real-time voice, data information streams, and ad hoc networking between Bluetooth enabled devices.

11. Bluetooth Clock

A 28 bit clock internal to a Bluetooth controller sub-system that ticks every 312.5 ms. The value of this clock defines the slot numbering and timing in the various physical channels.

12. Bluetooth Controller

A sub-system containing the Bluetooth RF, baseband, resource controller, link manager, device manager and a Bluetooth HCI.

13. Bluetooth Device Address

A 48 bit address used to identify each Bluetooth enabled device. Often this is referred to in technical specifications as BD_ADDR.

14. Bluetooth Enabled Device

A Bluetooth enabled device is a device that is capable of short-range wireless communications using the Bluetooth system.

15. Bluetooth HCI

The Bluetooth HCI provides a command interface to the baseband controller and link manager and access to hardware status and control registers. This interface provides a uniform method of accessing the Bluetooth baseband capabilities.

16. Bluetooth Host

A Bluetooth Host is a computing device, peripheral, cellular telephone, access point to PSTN network or LAN, etc. A Bluetooth Host attached to a Bluetooth Controller may communicate with other Bluetooth Hosts attached to their Bluetooth Controllers as well.

17. Bluetooth Profiles

Bluetooth profiles are general behaviors through which Bluetooth enabled devices communicate with other devices. Bluetooth technology defines a wide range of profiles that describe many different types of use cases. In order to use Bluetooth technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. The profiles define the possible applications.

18. Bluetooth wireless technology

Bluetooth wireless technology is a wireless communication link, operating in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz using a frequency hopping transceiver. It allows real-time AV and data communications between Bluetooth enabled hosts. The link protocol is based on time slots.

19. Channel

Either a physical channel or an L2CAP channel, depending on the context.

20. Connect (to service)

The establishment of a connection to a service. If not already done, this also includes establishment of a physical link, logical transport, logical link and L2CAP channel.

21. Connectable device

A Bluetooth enabled device in range that periodically listens on its page scan physical channel and will respond to a page on that channel.

22. Connecting

A phase in the communication between devices when a connection between them is being established. (Connecting phase follows after the link establishment phase is completed.)

23. Connection

A connection between two peer applications or higher layer protocols mapped onto an L2CAP channel.

24. Connection Establishment

A procedure for creating a connection mapped onto a channel.

25. Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP)

The CTP defines how a cordless phone can be implemented over a Bluetooth wireless link. This profile can be used for either a dedicated cordless phone or a mobile phone that acts as a cordless phone when in proximity to a base station implementing the CTP. It is anticipated that mobile phones could use a Bluetooth CTP gateway connected to a landline when within the home, and the mobile phone network when out of range.

26. Coverage Area

The area where two Bluetooth enabled devices can exchange messages with acceptable quality and performance.

27. Creation of a Secure Connection

A procedure of establishing a connection, including authentication and encryption.

28. Creation of a Trusted Relationship

A procedure where the remote device is marked as a trusted device. This includes storing a common link key for future authentication and pairing (if the link key is not available).

29. Device Discovery

A procedure for retrieving the Bluetooth device address, clock, class-of-device field and used page scan mode from discoverable devices.

30. Dial-up Networking Profile (DUN)

DUN provides a standard to access the Internet and other dial-up services over Bluetooth wireless technology. The most common scenario is accessing the Internet from a laptop by dialing up on a mobile phone, wirelessly.

31. Discoverable Device

A Bluetooth enabled device in range that periodically listens on an inquiry scan physical channel and will respond to an inquiry on that channel. Discoverable device are normally also connectable.

32. Encryption

Method of encoding data to prevent others from being able to interpret the information.

33. Extended Service Discovery Profile (ESDP)

ESDP defines how universal plug and play runs over a Bluetooth wireless connection.

34. Fax Profile (FAX)

The FAX profile defines how a FAX gateway device can be used by a terminal device. FAX is intended to provide a well-defined interface between a mobile phone or fixed-line phone and a PC with FAX software installed. A typical configuration is a personal computer using a mobile phone as a FAX gateway to send a FAX transmission to an arbitrary recipient.

35. File Transfer Profile (FTP)

FTP defines how folders and files on a server device can be browsed by a client device. Once a file or location is found by the client, a file can be pulled from the server to the client, or pushed from the client to the server using GOEP.

36. General Audio/Video Distribution Profile (GAVDP)

GAVDP provides the basis for A2DP and VDP, the basis of the systems designed for distributing video and audio streams using Bluetooth wireless technology. In a typical usage scenario, a device such as a “walkman” is used as the initiator and a headset is used as the acceptor.

37. Generic Access Profile (GAP)

GAP provides the basis for all other profiles and defines a consistent means to establish a baseband link between Bluetooth enabled devices. The profile defines operations that are generic and can be used by profiles referring to GAP and by devices implementing multiple profiles. GAP ensures that any two Bluetooth enabled devices, regardless of manufacturer and application, can exchange information via Bluetooth in order to discover what type of applications the devices support. Bluetooth enabled devices not conforming to any other Bluetooth profile must conform to GAP to ensure basic interoperability and co-existence.

38. Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)

  GOEP is used to transfer an object from one device to another. The object may be any object such as a picture, document, business card, etc. The profile defines two roles, a server that provides the location form which an object is pulled or pushed, as well as a client that initiates the action. GOEP provides a generic blueprint for other profiles using the OBEX protocol .

39. Hands-Free Profile (HFP)

HFP describes how a gateway device can be used to place and receive calls for a hand-free device. A typical configuration is an automobile using a mobile phone for a gateway device. In the car, the stereo is used for the phone audio and a microphone is installed in the car for sending outgoing audio of the conversation. HFP is also used for a personal computer to act as a speakerphone for a mobile phone in a home or office environment.

40. Hard Copy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP)

HCRP defines how driver-based printing is accomplished over a Bluetooth wireless link. The profile defines a client and a server role. The client is a device containing a print driver for the server on which the client wishes to print. A common configuration is a client personal computer printing using a driver to a printer acting as a server. This provides a simple wireless alternative to a cable connection between a device and a printer. HCRP does not set a standard regarding the actual communications to the printer, so drivers are required specific to the printer model or range.

41. Headset Profile (HSP)

The HSP describes how a Bluetooth enabled headset should communicate with a computer or other Bluetooth enabled device such as a mobile phone. When connected and configured, the headset can act as the remote device’s audio input and output interface.

42. HSDPA

HSDPA, short for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access, is a new protocol for mobile telephone data transmission. It is known as a 3.5G (G stands for generation) technology. Essentially, the standard will provide download speeds on a mobile phone equivalent to an ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) line in a home, removing any limitations placed on the use of your phone by a slow connection. It is an evolution and improvement on W-CDMA, or Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, a 3G protocol. HSDPA improves the data transfer rate by a factor of at least five over W-CDMA. HSDPA can achieve theoretical data transmission speeds of 8-10 Mbps (megabits per second). Though any data can be transmitted, applications with high data demands such as video and streaming music are the focus of HSDPA.

43. Human Interface Device Profile (HID)

The HID profile defines the protocols, procedures and features to be used by Bluetooth enabled HID, such as keyboards, pointing devices, gaming devices, and remote monitoring devices.

44. Inquiring Device

A Bluetooth enabled device that is carrying out the inquiry procedure.

45. Inquiry

A procedure where a Bluetooth device transmits inquiry messages and listens for responses in order to discover the other Bluetooth enabled devices within the coverage area.

46. Inquiry Scan

A procedure where a Bluetooth enabled device listens for inquiry messages received on its inquiry scan physical channel.

47. Intercom Profile (ICP)

Just as your voice can go unheard by others due to other noises, so too can Bluetooth radios go unheard due to other radio interference. This issue is especially a concern as Bluetooth wireless technology uses an unlicensed band for transmissions. Fortunately the technology was designed explicitly to be both a good citizen in these frequencies by not producing unnecessary noise but also to be able to avoid other radio waves. Some common radio technologies which can affect Bluetooth wireless products include microwave ovens and some models of cordless phones.

48. Interference

Information in a stream where each information entity in the stream is bound by a time relationship to previous and successive entities.

49. Isochronous Data

Information in a stream where each information entity in the stream is bound by a time relationship to previous and successive entities.

50. Known Device

A Bluetooth enabled device for which at least the BD_ADDR is stored.

51. L2CAP Channel

A procedure for establishing a logical connection on L2CAP level.

52. L2CAP Channel Establishment

A procedure for establishing a logical connection on L2CAP level.

53. Link

Shorthand for a logical link.

54. Link Establishment

A procedure for establishing the default ACL link and hierarchy of links and channels between devices.

55. Link Key

A secret key that is known by two devices and is used in order to authenticate each device to the other

56. LMP Authentication

An LMP level procedure for verifying the identity of a remote device.

57. LMP Pairing

A procedure that authenticates two devices and creates a common link key that can be used as a basis for a trusted relationship or a (single) secure connection.

58. Logical Channel

Identical to an L2CAP channel, but deprecated due to an alternative meaning in Bluetooth Version 1.1

59. Logical link

The lowest architectural level used to offer independent data transport services to clients of the Bluetooth system.

60. Logical Transport

Used in Bluetooth wireless technology to represent commonality between different logical links due to shared acknowledgement protocol and link identifiers.

61. Name Discovery

A procedure for retrieving the user-friendly name (the Bluetooth enabled device name) of a connectable device.

62. Object Exchange (OBEX) Protocol

OBEX is a transfer protocol that defines data objects and a communication protocol two devices can use to exchange those objects. OBEX enables applications to work over the Bluetooth protocol stack as well as the IrDA stack. For Bluetooth enabled devices, only connection-oriented OBEX is supported. Three application profiles have been developed using OBEX which include SYNC, FTP and OPP.

63. Packet

Format of aggregated bits that are transmitted on a physical channel.

64. Page

The initial phase of the connection procedure where a device transmits a train of page messages until a response is received from the target device or a timeout occurs.

65. Page Scan

A procedure where a device listens for page messages received on its page scan physical channel.

66. Paging Device

A Bluetooth enabled device that is carrying out the page procedure.

67. Paired Device

A Bluetooth enabled device with which a link key has been exchanged (either before connection establishment was requested or during connecting phase).

68. Pairing

The process of establishing a new relationship between two Bluetooth enabled devices. During this process a link key is exchanged (either before connection establishment was requested or during connecting phase).

69. Parked Device

A device operating in a basic mode piconet that is synchronized to the master but has given up its default ACL logical transport.

70. Participant in Multiple Piconets (PMP)

A device that is concurrently a member of more than one piconet, which it achieves using time division multiplexing (TDM) to interleave its activity on each piconet physical channel.

71. Passcode

When pairing devices, it is strongly recommended to use a passcode to authenticate incoming connections. Also, in certain connection situations you may desire additional assurance that you are connecting to the device or person you expect. A passcode can normally be any combination of keys (letters or numbers). Do use caution as some devices do not map characters similarly. Passkeys are valid only for the connection and may be different for other devices or users.

72. Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN)

PAN describes how two or more Bluetooth enabled devices can form an ad-hoc network and how the same mechanism can be used to access a remote network through a network access point. The profile roles include the network access point, group ad-hoc network and personal area network user.

73. Physical Channel

Characterized by synchronized occupancy of a sequence of RF carriers by one or more devices. A number of physical channel types exist with characteristics defined for their different purposes.

74. Physical Link

A baseband-level connection between two devices established using paging.

75. Piconet

A collection of devices occupying a shared physical channel where one of the devices is the piconet master and the remaining devices are connected to it.

76. Piconet Master

The device in a piconet whose Bluetooth clock and Bluetooth device address are used to define the piconet physical channel characteristics.

77. Piconet Physical Channel

A channel that is divided into time slots in which each slot is related to an RF hop frequency. Consecutive hops normally correspond to different RF hop frequencies and occur at a standard hop rate of 1600 hops/s. These consecutive hops follow a pseudo-random hopping sequence, hopping through a 79 RF channel set.

78. Piconet Slave

Any device in a piconet that is not the piconet master, but is connected to the piconet master.

79. PIN

A user-friendly number that can be used to authenticate connections to a device before paring has taken place.

80. QVGA

The full form of QVGA is Quarter Video Graphics Array. It is also known as Quarter VGA in short. QVGA is a type of resolution whose dimensions are 320x240 pixels. The QVGA display is normally found in devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. The display is also common on other handheld devices such as game consoles.

81. Range

Area that a Bluetooth enabled radio can cover with signal. This area can be affected by many different factors.

82. Scatternet

Two or more piconets that include one or more devices acting as PMPs.

83. Serial Port Profile (SPP)

SPP defines how to set-up virtual serial ports and connect two Bluetooth enabled devices.

84. Service Discovery

Procedures for querying and browsing for services offered by or through another Bluetooth enabled device.

85. Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP)

SDAP describes how an application should use SDP to discover services on a remote device. SDAP requires that any application be able to find out what services are available on any Bluetooth enabled device it connects to.

86. Service Layer Protocol

A protocol that uses an L2CAP channel for transporting PDUs.

87. Silent Device

A Bluetooth enabled device appears as silent to a remote device if it does not respond to inquiries made by the remote device.

88. SIM Access Profile (SAP)

SAP allows devices such as car phones with built in GSM transceivers to connect to a SIM card in a Bluetooth enabled phone. Therefore the car phone itself does not require a separate SIM card.

89. Symbian

Symbian OS is an open operating system, designed for mobile devices, with associated libraries, user interface frameworks and reference implementations of common tools, produced by Symbian Ltd. It is a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors.

90. Synchronization Profile (SYNC)

The SYNC profile is used in conjunction with GOEP to enable synchronization of calendar and address information (personal information manager (PIM) items) between Bluetooth enabled devices. A common application of this profile is the exchange of data between a PDA and computer.

91. The Parked Slave Broadcast (PSB)

The Parked Slave Broadcast logical transport that is used for communications between the master and parked devices.

92. Unknown device

A Bluetooth enabled device for which no information (Bluetooth device address, link key or other) is stored.

93. UPnP

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a set of computer network protocols promulgated by the UPnP Forum. The goals of UPnP are to allow devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the implementation of networks in the home (data sharing, communications, and entertainment) and corporate environments. UPnP achieves this by defining and publishing UPnP device control protocols built upon open, Internet-based communication standards.

94. USB

In information technology, Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices to a host computer. USB was designed to allow many peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket and to improve the plug-and-play capabilities by allowing hot swapping, that is, by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the computer or turning off the device. Other convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices without the need for an external power supply and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufacturer specific, individual device drivers to be installed.

95. Video Distribution Profile (VDP)

VDP defines how a Bluetooth enabled device streams video over Bluetooth wireless technology. Sample use cases include the streaming of a stored video from a PC media centre to a portable player or streaming from a digital video camera to a TV.

96. WAP Over Bluetooth Profile (WAP)

WAP defines how the wireless application protocol suite can run over a Bluetooth wireless link. A typical configuration is a mobile phone connecting to a public kiosk over a Bluetooth wireless link and using WAP to browse for information. WAP works across a variety of WAN technologies bringing the Internet to mobile devices.  

97. WCDMA

WCDMA is a wideband spread-spectrum 3G mobile telecommunication air interface that utilizes code division multiple access (or CDMA the general multiplexing scheme, not to be confused with CDMA the standard). It provides simultaneous support for a wide range of services with different characteristics on a common 5MHz carrier. The term WCDMA also refers to one of the International Telecommunications Union's IMT-2000 standards, a type of 3G cellular network. WCDMA is the technology behind the 3G UMTS standard and is closely allied with the 2G GSM standard. It provides new service capabilities, increased network capacity and reduced cost for voice and data services. The term 'WCDMA Evolved' describes the evolution of WCDMA, addressing both operators' needs for efficiency and users' demands for enhanced experience and convenience. The first steps of this evolution are HSDPA and Enhanced Uplink.